Extension of the soil monitoring network via tea bag initiatives: A 3000 km latitudinal gradient in European Russia.

The increasing popularity and recognition of citizen science approaches to monitor soil health have promoted the idea to assess soil microbial decomposition based on a standard litter sample - tea bags. Although tea bag initiatives are expanding across the world, the global datasets remain biased in regard to investigating regions and biomes. This study aimed to expand the tea bag initiative to European Russia, which remains a "white spot" on the tea bag index map. We also added urban soils into the analysis, which were underestimated previously. We compared the standard and local tea brands to explore possible adaptations of the standard approach to regions with limited access to standard tea brands. The established monitoring network included natural and urban sites in six vegetation zones along a 3000 km latitudinal gradient. There was a very close linear relationship (R2 = 0.94-0.98) in the mass loss of alternative and standard tea litter. The mass loss of green tea in soil along the latitudinal gradient showed an increasing trend from north to south. Variations in the microbial decomposition of green tea were mainly explained by the latitudinal gradient, with low soil temperature identified as key factors hampering decomposition. Mass loss of the more recalcitrant rooibos tea was mainly determined via land use, with decomposition rates on average 1.3 times higher in urban soils. This pattern was in line with higher soil temperatures and pH in urban sites compared to natural counterparts. The findings of our study could prove valuable in extending the tea bag network of soil decomposition assessment into broader territories, including urban areas. Additionally, they could facilitate the involvement of citizen science and complete the database for C cycle modeling depending on climatic conditions.

[Da Vinci robotic complex in hernia repair surgery]. / Ispol'zovanie roboticheskogo kompleksa Da Vinci v khirurgii gryzh. Opyt kliniki.

OBJECTIVE: To review the first robotic hernia repairs performed at the Ilyinsky Hospital, evolution of this technology, learning curve and early outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 17 procedures at the Ilyinskaya Hospital between 2021 and 2023 (13 men and 4 women). Mean age was 60 years, body mass index 28 kg/m2. ASA grade 1 was observed in 1 patient, grade 2 - 14 ones, grade 3 - 2 patients. Ventral, inguinal and umbilical hernias were diagnosed in 7, 8 and 2 cases, respectively. Ventral hernias required IPOM+ procedure in 3 cases, eTEP-RS procedure in 2 cases and eTEP-RS-TAR procedure in 2 cases. Patients with inguinal hernia underwent transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair. In case of umbilical hernia, TARUP procedure was performed in 1 case and vTAPP procedure in 1 case. RESULTS: Mean surgery time was 2 hours 38 min (min 1 hour 35 min, max 10 hours 11 min). There was one intraoperative complication (bleeding from epigastric artery). The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years. There were no recurrent hernias. Postoperative complications were noted in 2 cases. One patient was diagnosed with epididymitis after TAPP, 1 patient - with seroma after eTEP-RS procedure. All complications were relieved by conservative treatment. Bleeding from a. epigastrica inferior was diagnosed after removal of the trocar at the end of surgery. This event required suturing. CONCLUSION: Robotic hernia repair appears to be technically feasible and safe. This approach provides favorable results regarding quality of life and recurrence rate.

Continuously fluctuating selection reveals extreme granularity and parallelism of adaptive tracking.

Temporally fluctuating environmental conditions are a ubiquitous feature of natural habitats. Yet, how finely natural populations adaptively track fluctuating selection pressures via shifts in standing genetic variation is unknown. We generated high-frequency, genome-wide allele frequency data from a genetically diverse population of Drosophila melanogaster in extensively replicated field mesocosms from late June to mid-December, a period of ∼12 generations. Adaptation throughout the fundamental ecological phases of population expansion, peak density, and collapse was underpinned by extremely rapid, parallel changes in genomic variation across replicates. Yet, the dominant direction of selection fluctuated repeatedly, even within each of these ecological phases. Comparing patterns of allele frequency change to an independent dataset procured from the same experimental system demonstrated that the targets of selection are predictable across years. In concert, our results reveal fitness-relevance of standing variation that is likely to be masked by inference approaches based on static population sampling, or insufficiently resolved time-series data. We propose such fine-scaled temporally fluctuating selection may be an important force maintaining functional genetic variation in natural populations and an important stochastic force affecting levels of standing genetic variation genome-wide.

[Robotic sleeve gastrectomy: single-center experience]. / Roboticheskaya «rukavnaya gastrektomiya¼: opyt kliniki.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate safe introduction of a new technology (Da Vinci robotic system) into laparoscopic bariatric practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed treatment outcomes in patients with morbid obesity who underwent robot-assisted sleeve gastrectomy between 2020 and 2023. The same team of surgeons performed all operations. Evolution of technique and preparation of the operating theatre were recorded. Demographic data of patients, surgery time (docking and total surgery time), simultaneity of intervention, intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as weight loss after 6 months were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 15 robot-assisted sleeve gastrectomies between 2020 and 2023. Of these, 14 patients underwent surgery without complications. One patient was diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis that required anticoagulation. Median surgery time 194 [173.5; 241] min, period between incision and docking - 35 [30; 36] min. The length of hospital-stay was 3 days. The median weight loss after 6 months was 37.5% [29.5; 51.2]. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates safe introduction of a new technology to prepare the bariatric team for more complex surgical interventions in the future.

[Evaluation of the association of polymorphisms of the CYP2C8 gene with the efficacy and safety of ketorolac in patients with postoperative pain syndrome].

AIM: To evaluate the possible association of CYP2C8 gene polymorphisms with the clinical efficacy and safety of ketorolac in relation to postoperative pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 107 patients after video laparoscopic cholecystectomy, who received ketorolac (30 mg 2.0 w/m 3 r/d) as postoperative pain relief. All patients were genotyped for CYP2C8. The pain syndrome was assessed using the visual analog scale, the McGill pain questionnaire. The profile of adverse reactions was assessed by the dynamics of red blood counts, as a possible trigger for the development of gastrointestinal bleeding according to the method of global assessment of triggers (Global Trigger Tool GTT). RESULTS: According to visual analog scale data: in carriers of the genotype CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681) and CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080) after 12, 24, 36, 48 hours the intensity of pain syndrome is lower than in carriers of the wild type (p0.05). According to the McGill pain questionnaire, there were no statistically significant differences in pain intensity between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In carriers of the genotype CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681) and CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080), the effectiveness of anesthesia with ketorolac is higher than in carriers of the wild type. Carriage of the genotype CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681) and CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681) does not affect the risk of developing adverse reactions after ketorolac anesthesia.

Beyond-Mean-Field Effects in Rabi-Coupled Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensate.

We theoretically calculate and experimentally measure the beyond-mean-field (BMF) equation of state in a coherently coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the regime where averaging of the interspecies and intraspecies coupling constants over the hyperfine composition of the single-particle dressed state predicts the exact cancellation of the two-body interaction. We show that with increasing the Rabi-coupling frequency Ω, the BMF energy density crosses over from the nonanalytic Lee-Huang-Yang scaling ∝n^{5/2} to an expansion in integer powers of density, where, in addition to a two-body BMF term ∝n^{2}sqrt[Ω], there emerges a repulsive three-body contribution ∝n^{3}/sqrt[Ω]. We experimentally evidence these two contributions, thanks to their different scaling with Ω, in the expansion of a Rabi-coupled two-component ^{39}K condensate in a waveguide. By studying the expansion with and without Rabi coupling, we reveal an important feature relevant for observing BMF effects and associated phenomena in mixtures with spin-asymmetric losses: Rabi coupling helps preserve the spin composition and thus prevents the system from drifting away from the point of the vanishing mean field.

[The medical social problems and methods of diagnostic of cognitive disorders in patients taking "Spice"].

The article presents the results of pilot study implemented to determine cognitive disorders in patients taking "Spice". The purpose of research is to identify targets of psychological correction interventions to prevent cognitive deficiency in patients addicted to synthetic cannabinoids. The pilot sampling consisted of 30 patients taking "Spice". The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Along with social consequences, one of the important focuses of the study was investigation of cognitive sphere of patients. A number of pathopsychologic tests was applied. The study established that patients demonstrated disorders of various functions of memory, attention, mental pace and thinking. In particular, disorders of short-term, long-term and mediate memory and mental tempo were revealed. Also, reduced activity of attention took place. The distortion and decreasing of generalization and poor prehension occurred reliably more often as compared with control group. The established cognitive disorders in patients taking "Spice" can be considered as targets for psychological correction interventions to prevent cognitive deficiency in patients addicted to synthetic cannabinoids.

[The mental reactions of psychiatrists and narcologists against the background of COVID-19 pandemic].

The article considers various mental reactions of psychiatrists and narcologists against the background of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, based on a brief scientific analysis of publications and experimental psychological research methods. The purpose of study was to identify impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of psychiatrists and psychiatrists-narcologists. The results of survey of psychiatrists and narcologists are presented. The study was carried out using such test techniques as life quality scale SF-36 (Health Status Survey), Lazarus questionnaire "Coping Behaviors" adjusted to conditions of Russia and Hamilton scales to assess depression and anxiety (HDRS, HARS). The results.The low level of psychological well-being, moderate degree of preference for all coping strategies were established. The anxiety was determine in 34.8% of respondents and depression in 8.7%. It was established that actually, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical workers is conditioned by complex of mental reactions (from anosognosia to expressed anxiety and depressive disorders) and is accompanied by increasing general anxiety.

[The analysis of failures of intra-familial relationships in families with children suffering of diabetes mellitus].

The article presents the results of study of in-family (child-parents) relationships in families with children suffering with diagnosed diabetes mellitus type I. The purpose of study is to investigate the disorders of family relationships in families of such kind. The established disorders allow to develop psychotherapeutic measures both for children and their parents. Materials and methods. The study covered 30 families with children of primary school age (7-10 years old) with diabetes mellitus. The families with children with severe concomitant diseases and broken families were excluded of the sampling. The control group consisted of 30 relevant families with healthy children. The in-family relationships were explored using a number of psychological tests applied to children and their mothers. The results. In mothers of the studied families prevailed authoritarian type of upbringing, which was expressed in tendency to hyper-protect and to over-control. The phobia of losing child and the tendency to reject it were also established. The children suffered from high level of anxiety. They had more positive attitude to mother than to father. The conclusion. The established disorders of in-family relationships in families with children with diabetes mellitus can serve as targets for psychotherapeutic activities both with children and their parents.

Mixed Bubbles in Bose-Bose Mixtures.

Repulsive Bose-Bose mixtures are known to either mix or phase separate into pure components. Here we predict a mixed-bubble regime in which bubbles of the mixed phase coexist with a pure phase of one of the components. This is a beyond-mean-field effect that occurs for unequal masses or unequal intraspecies coupling constants and is due to a competition between the mean-field term, quadratic in densities, and a nonquadratic beyond-mean-field correction. We find parameters of the mixed-bubble regime in all dimensions and discuss implications for current experiments.

Characterization of the iron oxide phases formed during the synthesis of core-shell FexOy@C nanoparticles modified with Ag.

Core-shell FexOy@C nanoparticles (NPs) modified with Ag were studied with x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive elemental mapping, Mössbauer spectroscopy, static magnetic measurements, and optical magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). FexOy@C NPs synthesized by the pyrolysis process of the mixture of Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O with oleylamine and oleic acid were added to a heated mixture of oleylamine and AgNO3 in different concentrations. The final product was a mixture of iron oxide crystalline NPs in an amorphous carbon shell and Ag crystalline NPs. The iron oxide NPs were presented by two magnetic phases with extremely close crystal structures: Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Ag is shown to form crystalline NPs located very close to the iron oxide NPs. An assumption is made about the formation of hybrid FexOy@C-Ag NPs. Correlations were obtained between the Ag concentration in the fabricated samples, their magnetic properties and the MCD spectrum shape. Introducing Ag led to a approximately linear decrease of the NPs saturation magnetization depending upon the Ag concentration, it also resulted into the MCD spectrum shift to the lower light wave energies. MCD was also studied for the Fe3O4@C NPs synthesized earlier with the same one-step process using different heat treatment temperatures, and MCD spectra were compared for two series of NPs. A possible contribution of the surface plasmon excitation in Ag NPs to the MCD spectrum of the FexOy@C-Ag NPs is discussed.

Are postoperative pain and patient satisfaction influenced by the number of ports in VATS for malignant pleural effusion treatment?

Objectives: The aim of this research is by using sociological methods of scientific research for tracking the pain and satisfaction indicators to prove that decreasing the number of ports in the VATS (Video-assisted thoracic surgery) for Malignant Pleural Effusion reduces postoperative pain and improves patient's satisfaction.Methods: Our study included 117 VATS procedures performed in the period from 01 January 2013 to 31 September 2016. The sociological method used to measure the pain indicator was an interview. The severity of postoperative pain was determined and reported according to a ten-point pain visual analogue scale (VAS). The degree of satisfaction was determined and reported according to a six-point and ten-point grading systems on the basis of a research interview procedure.Results: In the single-port method, the verbal pain scale for all the days covered by the research study statistically showed significantly lower values (P Ë‚ 0.0001) in comparison with the conventional method (P Ë‚ 0.0001). With regard to the patient's satisfaction, determined on the basis of the six-point system, the results were as follows: conventional VATS approach - average 3.1 with a standard deviation of 1.1 and ranging from 0 to 5; single-port VATS approach - average 4.3 with a standard deviation of 1.0 and within the range from 0 to 6. Conventional VATS approach - 6.8 - neutral. Single-port VATS approach - 8.1 - prevailing satisfaction.Conclusions: Based on our study and the studies of other authors, it can be concluded that postoperative pain and satisfaction after VATS in patients with MPE (Malignant pleural effusion) are influenced by the number of ports and the one-port technique shows better results than the conventional three-port method.The research study was registered and approved by the Clinical Research and Ethics Committee at the 'Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich' AD University Multi-Profile Hospital for Active Treatment Hospital, Stara Zagora. According to Protocol No. 11, Ref. No. 12471/30.10.2015 approved are the methods used by the sociological research study which uses predefined indicators to track patients who have undergone conventional VATS and single-port VATS. Indicators: postoperative pain and satisfaction.

Effects of pressure and composition on Raman spectra of CO-H2-CO2-CH4 mixtures.

There is great interest in the development of renewable and environmentally friendly fuel sources such as biogas and syngas for generation of heat and electricity. Raman spectroscopy is a promising method for rapid quantitative analysis of the composition of such gases. To improve the accuracy of the method, information is needed on changes in the spectra of the main components as a function of pressure and gas composition. In this work the spectral characteristics of the most intense peaks of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the range of 200-3800 cm-1 were investigated in the range of 1-25 bar for pure gases and binary mixtures. It has been revealed that, under these conditions, the change in the characteristics of pure rotational hydrogen lines is negligible, while the Q-branches of the main vibrational bands of methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide shift to a few tenths of cm-1. The values of errors that can occur in the case of ignoring such changes in the spectra are estimated.

[ONSTEP procedure for inguinal hernia repair]. / Allogernioplastika onstep v lechenii pakhovykh gryzh.

AIM: To evaluate early and long-term outcomes of ONSTEP procedure including their comparison with those of Liechtenstein hernia repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consists of 2 parts - retrospective and prospective. There were 472 patients in retrospective part. Prospective analysis included 30 patients after ONSTEP hernia repair and 30 patients after Liechtenstein procedure. RESULTS: Postoperative complications and chronic pain syndrome occurred in 2.9% and 0.4% of cases after ONSTEP surgery, respectively. Moreover, ONSTEP procedure was followed by 2 cases or recurrence. There were no any significant differences between ONSTEP and Liechtenstein procedures. CONCLUSION: ONSTEP technique is highly effective and safe procedure that can be used in inguinal hernia management.

[Minimally invasive treatment of rare forms of mechanical intestinal obstruction]. / Miniinvazivnoe lechenie redkikh form obturatsionnoi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

AIM: To develop medical algorithms for reduction of morbidity and mortality in rare forms of mechanical intestinal obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 17 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction have been operated in Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care for the period 2010 - 2016. There were 13 women and 4 men aged 56 (44,5-74,5) years on the average. Phytobezoar was detected in 7 patients (41.2%), tumor in 7 patients (41.2%) and gallstone ileus in 3 patients (17.6%). RESULTS: There were no complications in group 1. In group 2 postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients: gastrocnemius vein thrombosis followed by successful medication (Clavien-Dindo type II), abdominal abscess drained under ultrasonic control (Clavien-Dindo type IIIa) and 1 (8.3%) death (Clavien-Dindo type V). Postoperative mortality in group 2 was 8.3%. CONCLUSION: Despite small sample size and no statistically reliable results the advantages of minimally invasive access are obvious. However, further trials are required to ensure the reliability of the results.

Una revisión de los avances en la terapéutica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: estrategia frente a la proteína Beta-amiloide / Review of the advances in treatment for Alzheimer disease: Strategies for combating Beta-amyloid protein

Introducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es el principal trastorno neurodegenerativo que provoca una discapacidad intelectual total en los pacientes que la presentan. La elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, así como la elevada carga socioeconómica que conlleva la EA para la sociedad en general, hace que sea considerada un importante problema de salud pública en este siglo xxi. En este trabajo se revisan los tratamientos actuales y en fase de desarrollo que actúan principalmente sobre la proteína Beta-amiloide. Discusión: La hipótesis amiloidogénica propone que el péptido β-amiloide tiene un papel clave en esta enfermedad. Se han desarrollado varias estrategias farmacológicas diferentes con el objetivo de inhibir la formación de los péptidos β-amiloides, como son los inhibidores de Beta-secretasa y γ-secretasa. Además, se han desarrollado los tratamientos antiamiloide, que incluyen inmunoterapias pasivas y activas enfocadas a inhibir la agregación del péptido Beta-amiloide. Conclusiones: Los avances en la identificación de las bases moleculares de la EA pueden servir como modelo para comprender las causas de esta enfermedad neurodegenerativa. Sin embargo, los ensayos clínicos más recientes en 2 ensayos de fase iii con solanezumab, un anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado que promueve el aclaramiento del Beta-amiloide en el cerebro, indican que este anticuerpo no muestra eficacia en pacientes con EA leve, sugiriendo que hay que replantearse esta hipótesis amiloidogénica de la EA (AU)

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder which eventually results in total intellectual disability. The high global prevalence and the socioeconomic burden associated with the disease pose major challenges for public health in the 21st century. In this review we focus on both existing treatments and the therapies being developed, which principally target the Beta-amyloid protein. Discussion: The amyloidogenic hypothesis proposes that Beta-amyloid plays a key role in AD. Several pharmacological approaches aim to reduce the formation of Beta-amyloid peptides by inhibiting the Beta-secretase and γ-secretase enzymes. In addition, both passive and active immunotherapies have been developed for the purpose of inhibiting β-amyloid peptide aggregation. Conclusions: Progress in identifying the molecular basis of AD may provide better models for understanding the causes of this neurodegenerative disease. The lack of efficacy of solanezumab (a humanised monoclonal antibody that promotes Beta-amyloid clearance in the brain), demonstrated by 2 recent Phase III clinical trials in patients with mild AD, suggests that the amyloidogenic hypothesis needs to be revised (AU)

Raman spectrum of methane in nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ethane, and propane environments.

Using binary CH4 - mixtures with varied concentrations of H2, N2, CO2, C2H6 and C3H8 and a fixed ambient pressure of 25bar, the influence of the environment on spectral characteristics (Raman shift, half-width, peak intensity) of Q-branches of the ν1, ν2, ν3, and 2ν4 methane Raman bands are investigated. It is found that depending on the environment these bands demonstrate different changes in their Raman shifts and half-widths. It is shown that the ratios of peak intensities I(ν2)/I(ν1), I(ν3)/I(ν1) and I(2ν4)/I(ν1) are very sensitive to the environment. The Raman shifts and half-widths of CH4 bands are assumed to depend on the absolute concentration of molecules in the analyzed medium. The data obtained would be useful in Raman diagnostics of natural gas.

Review of the advances in treatment for Alzheimer disease: Strategies for combating ß-amyloid protein. / Una revisión de los avances en la terapéutica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: estrategia frente a la proteína ß-amiloide.

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder which eventually results in total intellectual disability. The high global prevalence and the socioeconomic burden associated with the disease pose major challenges for public health in the 21st century. In this review we focus on both existing treatments and the therapies being developed, which principally target the ß-amyloid protein. DISCUSSION: The amyloidogenic hypothesis proposes that ß-amyloid plays a key role in AD. Several pharmacological approaches aim to reduce the formation of ß-amyloid peptides by inhibiting the ß-secretase and γ-secretase enzymes. In addition, both passive and active immunotherapies have been developed for the purpose of inhibiting ß-amyloid peptide aggregation. CONCLUSIONS: Progress in identifying the molecular basis of AD may provide better models for understanding the causes of this neurodegenerative disease. The lack of efficacy of solanezumab (a humanised monoclonal antibody that promotes ß-amyloid clearance in the brain), demonstrated by 2 recent Phase III clinical trials in patients with mild AD, suggests that the amyloidogenic hypothesis needs to be revised.

[The use of genetic engineering constructions as control samples on evaluation of diagnostic kits for reveal of rna of hazard and extremely hazard agents of virus infections by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction.]

The reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR) has leading position on diagnostic infections, caused by RNA-containing viruses. This method presents severe requirements to carrying out of everybody stages of analysis (extraction of nucleic acid, carry out reverse transcription, amplification of DNA). It is necessary to account the possibility of false positive or false negative results appearance. The use on RT-PCR only positive (PCS) and negative (NCS) control samples is insufficient for the control of stages of RNA extraction and reverse transcription. That is way there is necessity the construction of inner control sample (ICS) to control of these stages. The main goal of present is the ground of use genetic engineering constructions (GEC) as control samples (PCS and ICS) on evaluation of diagnostic kits for reveal of RNA of hazard and extremely hazard agents of virus infections by RT-PCR. The vector recombinant plasmids, containing the insertion of cDNA of agent´s genomic RNA are used as PCS, RNA was packed in membrane protein of MS2 bacteriophage, is used as ICS. It is demonstrated that ICS does no influence on sensitivity of RT-PCR both for use of native agents and for use of synthetic nucleic acids of Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo, Venezuelan encephalitis equine (VEE), Rift Valley fever and rabies viruses. The possibility of use of PCS and ICS for standardization of diagnostic kits is discussed.

Stable p-Wave Resonant Two-Dimensional Fermi-Bose Dimers.

We consider two-dimensional weakly bound heterospecies molecules formed in a Fermi-Bose mixture with attractive Fermi-Bose and repulsive Bose-Bose interactions. Bosonic exchanges lead to an intermolecular attraction, which can be controlled and tuned to a p-wave resonance. Such attractive fermionic molecules can be realized in quasi-two-dimensional ultracold isotopic mixtures. We show that they are stable with respect to the recombination to deeply bound molecular states and with respect to the formation of higher-order clusters (trimers, tetramers, etc.).